Your Guide to Buying an Electric Bike

Most e-bikes are advertised with a range of 48 km or more, but the actual distance can vary significantly, from **32 to 160 km**. Factors like battery capacity, the power mode you choose, rider weight, terrain, and headwinds all influence the real-world range.

Most modern lithium-ion e-bike batteries are designed to last between 3 to 5 years, or approximately 500 to 1,000 full charge cycles. This can equate to a substantial riding distance of 10,000 to 25,000 kilometers over its lifespan.

A full recharge typically takes between 3.5 to 6 hours, depending on the battery's capacity and the charger's output.

The operational cost of charging an e-bike battery is remarkably low. For example, fully charging a 500Wh battery at an average South African electricity rate costs approximately **R1.30**. Even with daily charging, the annual electricity cost is often less than **R450**.

To maximize battery lifespan, avoid deep discharges (below 20%) and prolonged storage at 100% charge. The **"20-80% rule"** (keeping charge between 20% and 80% for daily use) is recommended. Always use the manufacturer-approved charger. Charge in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas, avoiding flammable surfaces. For long-term storage, keep batteries indoors at 40-60% charge and check periodically.

Signs of degradation include a noticeable drop in range (30% or more), sudden shutdowns under load, voltage sag, inconsistent charging, or slower power delivery. Physical signs like cracks, dents, swelling, bulging, or unusual odors (burning, sweet, acidic) are critical warning flags, and you should discontinue use immediately and consult a professional.

E-bike fires, though rare, primarily stem from lithium-ion battery malfunctions, often due to poor manufacturing quality, physical damage, misuse, or neglect. Using poor-quality or non-original batteries and chargers, unsafe charging habits (like overnight charging), battery aging, and DIY modifications are common causes. Always use manufacturer-approved chargers and look for **UL certifications (e.g., UL2271, UL2849)** for safety.

Motor power, measured in **watts (W)**, indicates the raw output, typically ranging from 250W to 750W or more. Higher wattage generally means better acceleration and climbing capabilities. **Torque**, measured in Newton-meters (Nm), is the rotational force. Higher torque provides stronger support, especially at slower speeds, like when climbing hills or carrying cargo. For demanding situations, torque is often a more impactful metric than raw wattage.

The two main types are mid-drive and hub motors.

• **Mid-drive motors** are centrally located at the bottom bracket. They offer a natural riding feel, superior climbing power, and are efficient across speeds. They contribute to better handling due to their central, low placement.
• **Hub motors** are integrated into either the front or rear wheel hub. They provide a smooth, low-maintenance experience and are typically more budget-friendly. Rear hub motors can give a natural "pushing" sensation and better traction.

The "better" motor depends on your priorities. **Mid-drive motors** offer a more natural feel and superior climbing power, making them ideal for challenging terrain and a premium riding experience, but they are generally more expensive and may require more drivetrain maintenance. **Hub motors** are more affordable and low-maintenance, suitable for smoother rides and budget-conscious buyers. We recommend trying both to see what feels right for your intended use.

Modern e-bike motors are generally not loud. When the pedal assist engages, they typically produce a quiet hum that many riders and pedestrians barely notice. Mid-drive motors are usually quieter and more efficient, though some can become slightly louder over time due to wear. Hub motors might produce a minimal amount more noise, but it's usually not disturbing. Any excessive or unusual noise, like grinding or whining, should be inspected by a specialist.

Reputable motor brands recognized for quality and performance include **Bosch, Shimano Steps, Yamaha, Brose** (often in Specialized bikes), and **Bafang**. The Bosch Performance CX line is often highlighted for its efficiency, quiet output, and responsive power. DJI Avenox motors are also noted for their speed, power, and torque.

The speed of an e-bike varies by type and local regulations. Most e-bikes are designed to assist riders up to a certain speed, typically between **32 to 45 km/h**, known as the pedal-assist speed limit. For example, Class 1 and 2 e-bikes assist up to **32 km/h**, while Class 3 e-bikes assist up to **45 km/h**. You can still pedal faster than the assisted speed, but the motor will no longer provide power.

**Pedal-assist (pedelec)** systems provide power only when you are actively pedaling, offering a more natural cycling feel and encouraging exercise. **Throttle-equipped** e-bikes allow you to engage the motor and propel the bike forward without pedaling, similar to a moped. Some e-bikes offer both for maximum versatility.

Most e-bikes offer multiple pedal-assist levels, typically 3 to 5, or up to 9 on advanced models. Level 0 means no motor assistance. Lower levels (e.g., 1-2) provide light to moderate assistance, ideal for flat roads, conserving battery, and maximizing exercise. Higher levels (e.g., 3-5) deliver stronger motor support for climbing steep hills, carrying heavy loads, or maintaining higher speeds with less effort. You can adjust levels dynamically based on terrain, fitness, and desired exertion.

E-bike frames are commonly made from **aluminum**, favored for its lightness, or **steel**, which offers superior durability. Some models feature "step-through" options with a lower top tube for easier mounting and dismounting.

Due to their increased speed and weight, e-bikes require robust braking systems. **Disc brakes** are the primary type, with mechanical and hydraulic variations. Hydraulic disc brakes offer superior stopping power and consistent performance in all weather conditions, making them a preferred choice for enhanced safety.

The gear system should suit your intended terrain and riding style. Internal gear hubs offer low maintenance, while external derailleurs provide a wider range of gears and more precise shifting. It's worth noting that mid-drive motors can place more stress on the drivetrain, potentially requiring more frequent maintenance of components like chains and brake pads.

Tire choice impacts comfort, stability, speed, and efficiency. Wider tires offer more comfort and stability, especially on varied terrain, while narrower tires are for speed on paved surfaces. Many e-bike tires include puncture-resistant technology. **Suspension systems** (forks, seat posts) provide a smoother ride on rough terrain, while rigid frames offer reduced weight and increased efficiency.

Many e-bikes come with a controller unit and display to monitor battery life, assist mode, miles ridden, and speed. More expensive models may track riding habits. Integrated extras can include built-in racks, locks, or front and rear lighting. Child seats or additional lighting can also be purchased as add-ons.

The e-bike market offers diverse models for specific needs:

• **Hybrids/Commuter E-bikes:** Versatile for daily commuting, leisurely rides, and errands in urban/suburban areas. Designed for comfort and practicality.
• **Off-road E-bikes (E-mtbs):** Popular for challenging off-road conditions, built with robust frames and advanced suspension for trails and dirt roads.
• **E-cargo bikes:** Ideal for transporting heavier loads, serving as a car replacement for many trips.
• **Folding E-bikes:** Designed for portability and convenience, excellent for multi-modal commuting or compact storage.
• **Crossover and Do-it-all E-bikes:** Increasingly versatile models that combine features from different categories, blurring traditional lines.

The cost varies widely. Entry-level e-bikes can start around **R18,800**, while good quality, serviceable models typically range from **R28,200 to R47,000**. High-end e-bikes with advanced features can cost **R112,800** or more, with some customized models reaching **R188,000 to R225,600**. We generally don't recommend new e-bikes priced under **R9,400** due to potential quality and safety concerns.

Several factors contribute to an e-bike's price:

• **Frame and Components:** Higher-end, durable components (drivetrain, brakes) add to the cost.
• **Battery:** Greater capacity (higher Watt-hours) for longer range increases the price.
• **Motor:** More powerful motors (higher watts) offering better acceleration and climbing performance also increase cost.
• **Reliability:** E-bikes with integrated electrical components from reputable brands (e.g., Bosch, Shimano) are more expensive but offer greater reliability and easier service.
• **Design and Integration:** Seamless integration of electrical components into the frame often commands a higher price due to complex design.

While the upfront cost can be significant, e-bikes offer substantial long-term savings. Recharging costs are minimal (less than **R450** annually with daily use). E-bikes eliminate or significantly reduce expenses like car payments, insurance, license registrations, taxes, and parking fees, which can amount to thousands annually. Maintenance costs for e-bikes are also generally lower than for cars.

Yes, a growing number of rebate and incentive programs are making e-bikes more affordable at federal, state, and local levels. These can be direct discounts (rebates) applied at the point of sale or as post-purchase reimbursements, or tax credits that reduce your income tax. For example, California offers an e-bike incentive program of up to **R37,600**. You should check your state's Department of Transportation (DOT) or Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) websites for the most up-to-date local laws and programs.

E-bikes require regular maintenance, similar to traditional bicycles. Basic tasks like checking tire pressure, lubricating the chain, cleaning the frame, and minor adjustments can be done at home. However, a professional tune-up is advisable at least once a year for complex issues or comprehensive checks, ensuring manufacturer-approved parts are used and maintaining warranty coverage.

Almost all e-bikes come with warranties covering the electronic assist system, bike parts, and the frame. Typically, the electronic warranty is around two years, parts warranty is one year, and the frame warranty is longer. Warranties usually do not cover regular maintenance, wear and tear items (like brake pads, chains, tires), or damage from misuse, accidents, water exposure, or unauthorized modifications. Using third-party chargers or non-original batteries can also void the warranty.

For reputable brands, spare parts are generally available. Many manufacturers, like Lectric eBikes, design and customize their parts for a seamless system and offer spare batteries, chargers, tires, tubes, and brake pads specifically for their models. Some brands also list various parts and accessories on their websites.

E-bike regulations vary significantly by location and e-bike class.

• **Speed Limits:** Class 1 and 2 e-bikes typically assist up to **32 km/h**, while Class 3 e-bikes assist up to **45 km/h**.
• **Age Restrictions:** There isn't a single federal law. Age requirements vary by state and e-bike class, with some states allowing younger riders (e.g., 14) on Class 1 or 2, but requiring riders to be at least 16 or 18 for Class 3 bikes. Adult supervision is always recommended for young riders.
• **Licensing and Registration:** In most U.S. states, e-bikes are not required to meet the same licensing, registration, or insurance requirements as standard motor vehicles.
• **Helmet Laws:** Helmet laws vary significantly by state and locality. While not universally mandated for all classes or ages, wearing a properly fitted helmet is always strongly recommended for all e-bike riders for safety.

Where an e-bike can be ridden depends on local regulations and its class. E-bikes are generally permitted on roads and many bike paths, but often prohibited on sidewalks. Class 3 e-bikes, due to their higher speeds, may be restricted from most bike paths and traditional mountain bike trails. You should consult your state's Department of Transportation (DOT) or Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) websites for the most up-to-date local laws.

Key riding etiquette rules include:

• **Yield to Pedestrians:** Always yield to pedestrians and other vehicles, slowing down and observing the area before passing.
• **Stay Off Sidewalks:** Even if technically allowed, riding on busy sidewalks is generally discouraged for safety and courtesy.
• **Ride with Traffic Flow:** On roads, ride in the same direction as traffic, on the right side, and use appropriate hand signals for turns.
• **Be Respectful of Other Riders:** E-bikes can travel faster, so be mindful of speed around other cyclists and drivers. Use a bell or voice to signal when passing.
• **Stay Alert:** Anticipate actions of others, watch for road hazards (potholes, debris), and ensure the bike is in working condition before riding.

Start by defining your primary reasons for wanting an e-bike. Consider:

• **Primary Use:** Commuting, leisure, errands, mountain trails, touring?
• **Terrain:** Paved streets, bike paths, hills, gravel, rugged trails?
• **Distance:** Short commutes or longer trips requiring extended range?

These considerations will help narrow down the type and features that best suit you.

A test ride is indispensable, as it allows you to assess the bike's comfort, performance, and suitability firsthand. During a test ride:

• **Familiarize Controls:** Understand how to turn it on/off, switch assist levels, and use the throttle (if applicable).
• **Test Assist Levels:** Experiment with different levels to feel the assistance.
• **Vary Terrain:** If possible, test on various terrains (flats, hills, rough paths) to assess performance.
• **Assess Comfort and Fit:** Pay attention to frame size, seat comfort, and handlebar position.
• **Ask Questions:** Don't hesitate to ask the dealer about battery, charging, security, and any observations.

At Chilled Squirrel whether you test ride or not you still have a 48 hour money-back guarantee. This means that after you receive your ebike delivered to you, if you are not happy for any reason, you can send it back and get a full refund as long as the ebike is in the same condition it was supplied in.

We recommend purchasing from a reputable e-bike shop that specializes in e-bikes. These dealers can provide expert advice, crucial after-sales services, and personalized guidance. We highly suggest taking a **free test ride** to ensure the bike is the right fit. It's also important to confirm that the dealer offers a **Money-back Guarantee** if you're not happy with your purchase for any reason after you receive it.

E-bikes purchased online often don't come fully assembled. While electrical components are usually pre-assembled, basic bike components like the seat, pedals, handlebars, and front wheel often require assembly. This can be complex for those without mechanical skills, especially tasks like truing wheels, aligning brakes, and indexing gears. Improper assembly can lead to future issues and costs. Some bike workshops offer assembly services for online purchases, but these incur additional costs.

At Chilled Squirrel, we assemble your e-bike to you between 90-100% and provide a video to guide you on how to complete the remaining 10%. This is a very simple process, such as putting on a front wheel and/or a handlebar. For the most part, we assemble 100% so that you can avoid having to go to a bike shop to do anything.

Return policies vary by retailer. For example, some offer free returns within 14 days of delivery, provided the e-bike has minimal mileage (e.g., less than **15 km**), is free of wear and tear, and is returned in its original packaging with all accessories. Consumable parts, used products, special orders, and sale items are often non-returnable. It's important to review the specific terms before purchasing.

Reliable after-sales support is crucial. This includes access to certified maintenance support and timely availability of spare parts. Some manufacturers have authorized service centers and online technical staff to provide assistance. A robust return policy often reflects the retailer's confidence in their product quality and commitment to customer satisfaction.

The resale value of e-bikes can vary. If you would like an estimate for a trade-in price, please contact Chilled Squirrel via email at info@chilledsquirrel.com and provide full specs and pictures. Keep in mind that if the motor systems and batteries are not compatible with our systems, we may not be able to offer any trade-ins. If you would like to sell your ebike yourself and would like us to evaluate it and provide you with a market-related selling price, our fee for full inspection and evaluation of the quality of the frame, components, battery and motor is R950. We will give you a full report on the condition of these and a recommended selling price. Used e-bikes are often sold "as-is," meaning the seller may not make repairs or offer credits for potential defects.